| COPULATION | ___ between two earthworms happens at night on the soil surface. Sperm is deposited from each earthworm into the other. |
| EPIGEIC | ___ earthworms live on the soil surface feeding on rotting plant and animal matter. |
| COCOON | Once the sperm is deposited they produce a ___ which contains fertilised eggs. |
| REPRODUCTIVE | The reproductive system contains both male and female ___ organs. Two earthworms are needed for fertilization. They cannot fertilize themselves. |
| MULCH | Garden product applied to the soil surface (5) |
| TOPDRESS | Apply manure to soil surface - with best frock? (3-5) |
| NUTRIENTS | Endogeic earthworms live within the soil forming tunnels 10cm to 30cm below the surface. They ingest soil so they can absorb ___ from degraded organic matter present in the soil. |
| BLACKHOLE | What one sees at night on golf course is the final resting place for some stars (5,4) |
| STOPATNOTHING | Going wild at night on post, press on regardless of danger (4,2,7) |
| WILLOTHEWISP | What is a phosphorescent light seen hovering at night on marshy ground? (4-1-3-4) |
| BIOLOGICAL | Earthworms cause physical, chemical and ___ changes to the soil, which affects the organisms present in the soil. |
| HYDRANGEA | Blooming in Japan during its rainy season, colour-changing flower ranging from white and pink to blue and purple depending on the soil pH and cultivar (9) |
| MEADOWLARK | Bird taking drink to one sitting up at night on 21's vessel (10) |
| TEAPOT | Receptacle in which the dormouse is deposited in Alice's Adventures in Wonderland (6) |
| CONDITIONS | When the ___ are favourable the cocoons produce between 1 and 18 earthworms which will live on average between four and eight years. |
| APHIDS | Garden pests from a park concealed by soil's surface (6) |
| DEW | Moisture deposited from the air (3) |
| MOONLIGHT | Do extra work at night on piano sonata? (9) |
| TUFA | Soft, porous rock consisting of calcium carbonate deposited from springs rich in lime (4) |
| SUBSTRATE | Material on which another material is deposited |
