| AVERNUS | Site in Italy once believed the entrance to Hell |
| PANDA | In China, Sichuan people once believed the urine of what animal could melt an accidentally swallowed needle? (5) |
| AVERNO | Crater lake near Naples, Italy, once regarded as an entrance to hell (6) |
| IDES | Plans to exclude a date in Italy, once |
| ONELIRA | Denomination minted in Italy, once |
| LIRA | (K) Money in Italy, once |
| LIRE | Bills paid in Italy, once |
| NAPLES | Which city in Italy once boasted seven castles? (6) |
| ETHER | From the Greek for "upper air", a word originally used to refer to matter once believed to permeate all space beyond the moon, later a distinctively sweet-scented volatile liquid (5) |
| CREMONA | City in the Po Valley of Italy, once home to the luthier families Amati, Guarneri and Stradivari (7) |
| MONTECASSINO | Site in Italy of a Benedictine monastery (530 AD) and a battle in the second world war (5,7) |
| CAVERNOUS | About entrance to hell - nothing in it like a big pit |
| CASERTA | German surrender site in Italy in 1945 |
| OZONE | From the Greek meaning "to smell", a poisonous allotrope of oxygen, once believed to have a tonic effect and exist in fresh seaside air (5) |
| OLYMPUS | Peak once believed to be the home of the Greek gods (7) |
| ELDORADO | City of gold once believed to exist in the South American rainforest |
| CATHAR | Member of a Christian sect in Provence in the 12c and 13c who believed the material world was evil (6) |
| RINGFINGER | Ancient Greeks believed the "vein of love" ran from it to the heart |
| MANTUA | City in northern Italy once ruled by the Gonzaga family (6) |
| ANZIO | WWII beachhead site in Italy |
