| MURCIA | Region of SE Spain that was an independent Muslim kingdom in the 11th and 12th centuries |
| ALEXIOS | Name, as spelled in Latin, of two Byzantine emperors of the Comnenus family in the 11th and 12th centuries (7) |
| ARAGON | Autonomous region of NE Spain that was an independent kingdom from the 11th Century until 1479 (6) |
| UNIVERSITIES | Educational establishments which were first created in Europe in the 11th and 12th centuries (12) |
| BERAR | Former Muslim kingdom in India |
| TEXAS | State that was an independent country for a decade beginning in 1836 |
| ABELARD | Peter ___, 11th and 12th century French theologian probably better known for a celebrated love affair than for his influential philosophical ideas (7) |
| EMIRATE | Those people briefly, I reckon, in Muslim kingdom (7) |
| SULTAN | Sovereign of a Muslim kingdom |
| BLANCA | Resort region on the Mediterranean coast of SE Spain extending from the town of Denia in the north to Pilar de la Horadada in the south (5,6) |
| TRAFALGAR | Cape on the SW coast of Spain that was the scene of a decisive naval battle in 1805 in which Nelson was mortally wounded |
| RHONEALPES | Former region of SE France from the edge of the Massif Central in the west to the Switzerland and Italy borders (5-5) |
| ALICANTE | Port city of SE Spain founded by the ancient Greeks as Akra Leuke ('white peak') and later known by the Romans as Lucentum (8) |
| OVIEDO | City in north west Spain that was the capital of Asturias from 810- 1002 (6) |
| ANDALUSIA | Autonomous region of Spain that was a centre of Moorish civilisation (9) |
| GENNADYROZHDESTVENSKY | Russian conductor who conducted the first performances in the west of Shostakovich's 4th and 12th symphonies at the 1962 Edinburgh Festival (7,14) |
| TOLTEC | A member of a Central American Indian people who ruled much of Mexico in the 10th-12th centuries (6) |
| ROMANESQUE | Style of architecture much used in the 9th-12th centuries, characterised by rounded arches and massive masonry wall construction |
| ADAR | In the Jewish calendar, the sixth civil and twelfth religious month of the year, usually falling within February and March (4) |
| COSTABLANCA | Resort region on the Mediterranean coast of SE Spain (5,6) |
