| CAMORRA | Neapolitan secret society founded in the early 19th century (7) |
| ILLUMINATI | Any of various groups claiming special religious enlightenment, especially a secret society founded in Bavaria in 1776; Latin, 'the enlightened ones' (10) |
| ERLANGEN | Bavarian city (pop about 115,000), founded in the early 11th century (8) |
| AMSTERDAM | European capital city (pop about 850,000), a major seaport founded in the early 14th century (9) |
| LUDDITE | Any of the textile workers in England opposed to mechanisation who organised machine-breaking in the early 19th century (7) |
| MAZURKA | Lively dance originating in Poland in the early 19th century (7) |
| TEAROSE | Garden plant introduced to Europe from China in the early 19th century |
| FABIANS | Members of a socialist society founded in 1884 (7) |
| HAZLITT | William ---, English critic and essayist of the early 19th Century (7) |
| RUINS | Such remains were often depicted in the art of the Romanticist movement in the early 19th century (5) |
| MERTHYRTYDFIL | The “iron capital of the world” in the early 19th century |
| SINGAPORE | Now a city-state, it was founded by Stamford Raffles of the East India Company in the early 19th century (9) |
| OREGON | The _ _ _ _ _ _ Trail, wagon route westward across the U.S. in the early 19th century (6) |
| CLEARANCES | The eviction of tenants from large Scottish estates in the early 19th century |
| CROFTERS | Subsistence farmers, particularly victims of the Highland Clearances in the early 19th century (8) |
| ZYDECO | Form of American music that evolved in southwest Louisiana in the early 19th century |
| GOTACANAL | Waterway in southern Sweden, constructed in the early 19th Century (4,5) |
| TOWER | One of over 100 small forts built in south-east England in the early 19th century (8,5) |
| MARTELLO | One of over 100 small forts built in south-east England in the early 19th century (8,5) |
| PROUT | William ___, English chemist noted for his modification of the atomic theory in the early 19th century |
