| CASTLES | Motte and bailey fortifications built by the Normans; chateaux; or, an old word for rooks in chess (7) |
| SIEGFRIEDLINE | Fortifications built by the Germans before and during the Second World War (9,4) |
| ESPALIER | Grown against the walls of Roman gardens, medieval castles, French chateaux or English estates, a fruit tree or shrub trained to grow flat (8) |
| HADRIANSWALL | Name given to the fortification built by the Roman Empire in Britain from Wallsend to Bowness-on-Sol |
| MOTTEANDBAILEY | Style of castle commonly built by the Normans (5,3,6) |
| STANDINGOVATION | Impetuously doing in knight for rook in hunger for praise (8,7) |
| REDRAG | Trade knight for rook in plot that's set up for provocation (3,3) |
| CHESSBOARDS | Chequered surfaces for rooks, pawns etc |
| HASTINGS | Seaside town and Cinque Port in East Sussex whose history, including its now-ruined Norman motte and bailey castle established by William the Conqueror in 1066, is stitched into the very fabric of the |
| FALLACY | Flawed argument, like the "no true Scotsman" or the "motte-and-bailey" |
| OLDSARUM | What hill, near Salisbury in Wiltshire, was the site of an Iron Age hill fort and was later settled by the Normans? (3,5) |
| FALLOW | Species of deer introduced into the UK by the Normans in the 11th century (6) |
| CASTLE | Meaning "little fort", a stronghold such as a motte and bailey Norman keep or the later fortified stone homestead of a medieval lord (6) |
| ANDBAILEY | Type of castle introduced to Britain by the Normans; an important factor in their conquest (5-3- 6) |
| MOTTE | Type of castle introduced to Britain by the Normans; an important factor in their conquest (5-3- 6) |
| DITCH | An external feature of a motte and bailey castle (5) |
| MAGINOT | - - - line, a line of fortifications built by France to defend its border with Germany prior to the Second World War (7) |
| MAGINOTLINE | A system of fortifications built by France to defend its border with Germany prior to the Second World War (7,4) |
| ANTONINEWALL | Defensive fortification built in southern Scotland by the Romans c. 140 AD, extending from the River Clyde to the Firth of Forth (8,4) |
| BAILEY | Medieval European fortification with a raised keep and walled courtyard, motte-and-_ castle (6) |
