| MINERALOIL | Hydrocarbon extracted from rocks, such as petroleum |
| BITUMEN | Inflammable material such as petroleum or asphalt (7) |
| METAMORPHIC | Adjective for rocks such as gneiss and slate (11) |
| MINERALS | Substances extracted from rock (8) |
| REFINES | Purifies, as petroleum |
| IGNEOUS | From the Latin meaning "fiery", a type of rock such as rainbow obsidian or "heaven eye", formed from the solidification of magma (7) |
| TRAP | Word for a snare; a door set in a floor; a light carriage on springs; or, igneous rock, such as basalt, whose name, from "stair", refers to its often step-like formation (4) |
| ORE | From "brass, bronze", word for unwrought metal first, later a mineral or rock, such as gold or quartz, that can be worked economically (3) |
| OOLITE | Sedimentary rock such as limestone consisting of tiny spherical grains (6) |
| ASTEROID | Space rock, such as one destroyed in NASA's DART mission |
| LAVA | Magma that cools and solidifies to form igneous rock such as basalt, granite, obsidian or pumice (4) |
| REEFS | Ridges of coral or rock, such as the atolls encircling lagoons (5) |
| DETRITUS | Loose material worn away from rocks (8) |
| SILICA | Hard colourless compound from rocks (6) |
| INDEEPWATER | Where ships are safe from rocks or heading for trouble? |
| SCREECHES | From rocks below cliff, endless game bird's cries? |
| LEICESTER | City built from rocks during the French period mostly |
| MAYFLIES | Their poor behaviour - eating one another - is cancelled out by the way they clean algae from rocks in freshwater. Named after April, they morph and fly. (8) |
| FRACKING | Prompt Scots in force with process of forcing liquid from rocks (8) |
| WARLOCKS | It takes men with magic powers to rock such laws (8) |
