| AZORES | Archipelago colonised by Portugal in the 15th century (6) |
| GOA | State in W India taken by Portugal in 1510 (3) |
| MACAO | Last European colony in Asia, ceded by Portugal in 1999 to become a special administrative region of China (5) |
| THRACE | Historical area in southeast Europe colonised by Greeks, then Romans (6) |
| LISBOA | Capital of Portugal in the language of its citizens |
| PIENZA | In the 15th century, Pope Pius II commissioned the architect Bernardo Rossellino to transform his native village of Corsignano into the town of this name in Tuscany. Rossellino's buildings and his tow |
| BORGIA | Italo-Spanish family which produced two popes in the 15th Century, patrons of the arts who helped the Renaissance (6) |
| PLAQUE | Sticky biofilm on teeth composed of saliva and leftover food particles, colonised by up to a thousand species of bacteria (6) |
| BISSAU | Republic in West Africa that became independent from Portugal in 1974 (6-6) |
| GUINEA | Republic in West Africa that became independent from Portugal in 1974 (6-6) |
| RHEIMS | City in north- east France (pop about 185,000), with a cathedral built in the 15th century (6) |
| HUSSAR | Term for a member of a light cavalry regiment, originally used in Hungary in the 15th century (6) |
| MEDICI | Italian family who ruled Florence in the 15th century (6) |
| ANGOLA | Republic in Africa that achieved independence from Portugal in 1975 (6) |
| ROMOLA | Historical novel by George Eliot set in the fifteenth century |
| PREPPY | Pair, yep, free to tour Portugal in smart clothes? (6) |
| COLOMBIA | A republic in North West South America colonised by Spain in the 16th Century (8) |
| NEWENGLAND | Region of the northeast US, colonised by Europeans in the 17th century (3,7) |
| FARO | The southernmost city of Portugal, in the Algarve region (4) |
| NORMANS | England was colonised by them following the Battle of Hastings in 1066 |
