| ASTROLABE | A tool for celestial navigation from the ancient Islamic world |
| ARAD | Ancient Islamic fort in Muharraq, Bahrain |
| OCTANT | Old instrument for celestial navigation; or, 1/8 of the circumference of a circle (6) |
| SQUARE | A tool for determining a right angle; a cotton flower-bud; a quadrilateral; or, something four-sided, such as a cell in a crossword grid, a chocolate brownie, a formation of troops, a marketplace, a m |
| STRICKLE | Name, rhyming with a word for a drip or a type of chutney, for a rod for levelling a heaped measure of grain; or, a tool for whetting a scythe (8) |
| CALIPH | The title of the successors of Mohammed as rulers of the Islamic world, later assumed by the Sultans of Turkey |
| EMIR | What is a ruler or chieftain in the Islamic world? (4) |
| KALE | Leafy brassica with a curly variety and the Tuscan lacinato or cavolo nero; or, from the ancient Greek meaning "beauty", a moon of Jupiter named after one of the Charites or Graces (4) |
| CELERY | Name, from the ancient Greek for "parsley", for a plant whose genus Apium aptly hints at its bee-attracting white flowers, whilst its crisp leaf-stalks are used for mirepoix, salads and children's "an |
| EMIRATES | Territory of independent rulers in the Islamic world (8) |
| RUSHDIE | British novelist who caused controversy in the Islamic world, Salman ... |
| NAWAB | Rich potentate of the Islamic world |
| ASTEROID | A body-building drug for celestial body (8) |
| STEEL | An alloy for striking sparks from flint; a sword; a tool for honing a knife; or, a bone, rod or stay for corsetry (5) |
| NAPOLI | Italian name for the capital of Campania; a city that evolved from the Ancient Greek settlement Part |
| PLANET | From the ancient Greek meaning "wanderer", any one of the celestial bodies held in its elliptical orbit around the Sun by gravitational attraction (6) |
| EPOCH | Word, from the ancient Greek "stop, pause", for a distinct period of time marking a new beginning (5) |
| CHTHONIC | From the ancient Greek for "earth", related to the underworld |
| LIMOSIS | Medical term for an abnormally strong appetite, derived from the ancient Greek for "hunger" |
| ASTER | A daisy-like flower - from the Ancient Greek for "star" (5) |
