| PAMPLONA | Spanish city, capital of the kingdom of Navarre from the 11c until 1841 (8) |
| PYRENEES | Locale of the ancient kingdom of Navarre |
| SAMURAI | The Japanese warrior caste that provided the fighting aristocracy from the 11c to the 19c (7) |
| TROUBADOUR | Any of a class of lyric poets who flourished in Provence and N. Italy from the 11c to the 13c (10) |
| ASSASSIN | A member of a secret sect of Muslim fanatics of the 11c-13c who murdered their victims (8) |
| SANTANDER | Spanish city, capital of the historic region of Cantabria |
| CORDOBA | Spanish city, capital of Moorish Spain in the 8c (7) |
| BARCELONA | Spanish city, capital of Catalonia (9) |
| ZARAGOZA | City in northeast Spain on the River Ebro; capital of the Kingdom of Aragon from the 12th century (8) |
| FLORENCE | Capital of the Kingdom of Italy, 1865-1871, whose dialect forms the base of Standard Italian (8) |
| HEREWARD | 11c Anglo-Saxon rebel who defended the Isle of Ely against William the Conqueror (8) |
| TOULOUSE | French city, capital of the southern Occitanie region and near the border with Spain (8) |
| SHILLONG | Indian city, capital of the state of Meghalaya (8) |
| LAUSANNE | Swiss city, capital of the canton of Vaud (8) |
| MANDALAY | Last capital of the kingdom of Burma |
| MINASTIRITH | Capital of the kingdom of Gondor in J. R. R. Tolkien's The Lord of the Rings (1954-5) (5,6) |
| PRAGUE | European capital that was formerly the capital of the kingdom of Bohemia (6) |
| UDAIPUR | City in Rajasthan, India; once the capital of the kingdom of Mewar (7) |
| DRESDEN | German city, once the capital of the Kingdom of , Saxony (7) |
| TURIN | City in NW Italy, on the Po & capital of the Kingdom of Italy, 1860-65. |
