| HOLYROMAN | Empire made up of the varying complex of lands in western and central Europe that was ruled over first by Frankish and then by German kings for 10 centuries (800-1806). (4,5) |
| HOLYROMANEMPIRE | Complex of lands in western and central Europe of which Francis II was the last ruler (4,5,6) |
| ROMAN | Political confederation of lands in western and central Europe that was dissolved in 1806 (5) |
| HOLY | Political confederation of lands in western and central Europe that was dissolved in 1806 (4) |
| EMPIRE | Political confederation of lands in western and central Europe that was dissolved in 1806 (6) |
| TREES | Odd terseness over firs and elms (5) |
| PHASE | The varying appearance of the illuminated surface of a celestial body, such as the moon (5) |
| PHONICS | Subject that teaches the varying "ch" sounds of "cheap," "chaos" and "charade" |
| IRAN | Country that was ruled by a shah until 1979 |
| JORDAN | Arab nation that was ruled by King Hussein until 1999 (6) |
| NARNIA | Land that was ruled by a witch played by Tilda Swinton (6) |
| FUNCTIONS | Variable quantities whose values depend upon the varying values of other quantities |
| ROMANEMPIRE | see 20ac, Political confederation in western and central Europe that dissolved in 1806 (4,5,6) |
| CAROLINGIAN | -Dynasty, Frankish-dominated empire in western and central Europe in the early Middle Ages (11) |
| OVULE | Part of the reproductive system of a seed plant that develops into a seed when fertilised, made up of the embryo sac, the surrounding nucellus and one or two protective integuments (5) |
| SLOVAKIA | Landlocked country of central Europe that separated from the Czech Republic in the Velvet Divorce of 1992 (8) |
| GREGALE | Strong, cold wind that blows in the Western and Central Mediterranean region, particularly in winter (7) |
| ONAGER | Wild ass with a black stripe down the centre of its back, found on the steppes of western and central Asia (6) |
| OCEANIA | Collective name of the region made up of the islands scattered throughout most of the Pacific Ocean. (7) |
| ODER | River in central Europe that forms part of the boundary between Poland and Germany (4) |
